Developed by F.W. Taylor who believed that specialization and division of labor would generate greater levels of productivity; Taylor introduced a piece-rate payment system to link pay with productivity levels.

• A. Theory X
• B. Taylor's scientific management
• C. Theory Y
• D. Motivators

Answer: (D)

Taylor's approach to management centers on making work as efficient as possible by breaking tasks into simple, specialized steps and closely supervising how they are done. He argued there is one best way to perform each job, which leads to higher productivity through standardization and time-and-motion study. A hallmark of this system is the piece-rate pay tied directly to output, so workers earn more as they produce more, creating a strong monetary incentive to work faster and more efficiently. This combination—specialization, standard methods, measured performance, and pay-for-performance—embodies the method used to boost productivity in his system.

This contrasts with theories that focus on beliefs about workers rather than how work is organized or paid, such as those that describe general assumptions about motivation (Theory X and Theory Y) or Herzberg’s idea of motivators versus hygiene factors.