The division of work into specialized tasks to improve efficiency; essential to mass production.

• A. Standardization
• B. Mass Production
• C. Specialization
• D. Job Production

Answer: (C)

Specialization is the idea behind dividing work into tasks that each worker performs repeatedly, becoming faster and more accurate at a narrow set of activities. This focus boosts efficiency because workers don’t waste time switching between many tasks, training is quicker, and repetitive work often leads to fewer mistakes. In mass production, assembly lines are built around this principle: each station handles a specific operation, speeding up output and making it easier to manage quality and turnover of tasks. Standardization relates to making components uniform, which supports efficiency but isn’t the act of dividing work itself. Mass production refers to producing large quantities, often using specialization, while job production involves one worker handling an entire product from start to finish, not a division of labor.