Which management view holds that workers generally need direction and close supervision?

• A. Theory Y
• B. Motivators
• C. Time rate
• D. Theory X

Answer: (D)

This question tests management views on how to supervise and motivate workers. Theory X holds that workers generally need direction and close supervision because managers believe people dislike work, avoid responsibility, and need external control. That makes it the model most associated with tight oversight. In contrast, Theory Y suggests people are self-motivated and capable of self-direction with less supervision, while the other options refer to a wage system or to motivational factors rather than a management stance on supervision.